Sound Editing - Assignment 1

Find six videos, that illustrates each reason for sound recording, and analyse why the example is relevant these should be uploaded to your Prezi. Try to find a different example to the one used as an example, however if you are struggling you may use some of the same examples.

You must find videos that illustrate the following these videos must be accompanied by detailed analysis

• To compress and summarise a sound recording to fit a specific space.

• To eliminate flawed, repetitive, superfluous, uninteresting, irrelevant material from a recorded clip

• To enable recorded speech to remain legal.

• To ensure any indecent or inappropriate language is edited out

• To change the chronological or logical order of a series of sounds or speech.

• To create impact by adding sound effects and/or music between pieces of recorded speech.

1. To Compress and Summarise a sound recording, allowing it to fit a specific space

There are many instances in which sound recordings may need to be shortened down or trimmed to fit the allocated time for a piece of film or audio production. Often in media production, a scene from a film may not look quite right with a song in its entirety playing in the background. Similarly, TV Shows, specifically those with musical intros may not look quite right if the intro includes the entire 3 minutes or so of a song. As an example, the Friends theme tune plays before each episode, but only for around a minute whilst we are introduced to the characters, and the actors are credited. Below is the Friends intro sequence, as well as the entire song "I'll be there for you" by The Rembrandts.

The reason that the original song would be cut down for the beginning of each episode is because the episodes only hold a 30 minute time slot, so taking 3 minutes of this for the intro would decrease the time of the episode itself. OFCOM says that 12 minutes of adverts is the maximum per hour, and so in this case the advert breaks would last around 5-7 minutes. This would take 8-10 minutes from the run time of the show, so it is smart that they only used a minute of the song, as to only take 6-8 minutes from the total. The song has been cut down well, as it is easily recognizable to many over the world.

2. To eliminate flawed, repetitive, superfluous, uninteresting or irrelevant material from a recorded clip.

Unwanted parts of a recording will always come to be an issue for a media production. This can greatly alter the message contained within a media production, and so the correct actions must be taken to remove the audio that is not needed in the final cut. Many interviews between celebrities are cut down to remove anything that could be considered controversial, or anything that adds no real meaning to the final piece. For example, a sneeze or cough would need to be edited out of the final piece, accompanying it out would also be the ringing of a phone, or silences in between questions or answers.

The videos seen below are interviews, the first from Daniel Radcliffe, the second a video of all three of the main characters (Daniel Radcliffe, Emma Watson and Rupert Grint), who spoke about what it was like filming Harry Potter and the Philosophers Stone. The interview with Daniel, who played Harry, is uncut, and everything between the questions can be seen, including the thought process of Daniel. In the second video, the interviews from all three have been cut up to include only the relevant quotes, as well as combining this with quotes from the films, which help the create a more intriguing and interesting video of the interviews.

3. To enable recorded speech to remain legal
The legality of a piece of audio come from the rights held by the owners of the selected clip. Most pieces of audio are copyrighted, and so they cannot be used without the rights. If someone doesn't have the rights to the audio, and they find their way into a production, they must be edited out to make sure that the clips remain legal in use. For example, if you were filming a shot and happened to "Despacito" by Luis Fonsi playing in the background, you would need to mute and dub the audio track, or mute the song and re shoot the action. This is the same for any song which is held by copyright, as well as other forms of audio such as MLK's "I have a dream" speech.

Copyrighted footage or audio usually has a line of text, something similar to "Music video by Luis Fonsi performing Despacito. (C) 2017 Universal Music Latino" to state that the video or audio belongs to them

4.To ensure any indecent or inappropriate language is edited out
Any indecent or offensive language must be removed if within samples of audio, and a big part of this is ensuring the censorship during broadcasts and other productions. This is often seen within live broadcasts of sport, where a player is at the side of the pitch, close to a camera. The cameras microphone picks up the audio from the player, and often leads to harsh consequences for the players. In the first clip, Wayne Rooney is unhappy with how the cameraman is getting incredibly close to his celebrations and so swears at him. This granted him a ban from two games, one of which was the Semi-Final of the FA Cup. Unfortunately, the broadcast team could not mute of dub over the language used by Rooney, and this is probably why he was given a ban for his actions. In the second clip, the crowd are heard, and they are chanting about how bad Sky TV is, supposedly. In this instance, the team working behind the broadcast were able to drown the crowd out with other stock audio of a crowd at a football game. They placed this over the audio track which initially had the offensive chant, as to not affect the volume of the commentary or anything else

5. To change the chronological or logical order of a series of sounds or speech.
Changing the order of sounds within a clip is incredibly useful in film trailers, where video and audio are placed out of chronological order, which gives the audience a more engaging insight into the film. If the trailers were just highlights in order then it would be less interesting for the viewer. These trailers both give good ideas of the characters and their relationships, but they leave the twists and shocks for the real film, which is effective because the audience will in no way be expecting something like that to occur. 

6. To create impact by adding sound effects and/or music between pieces of recorded speech.
Adding music or sound effects into recorded speech can be incredibly useful to display a specific message to an audience. Within pieces of speech, using music can better create the intended atmosphere. For example, in a film, if a character is hit with a piece of devastating information, the sudden introduction of a sad soundtrack can heighten the emotion in the scene. Vice versa, happy music can make the viewer feel the same as the character in the scene, all through adding more sound to the scene.
Contrapuntal sound is when the sound is the opposite of what we expect to see on screen. This can be effective to create a sense of recklessness and free will.

  

Unit 24 - Sound Editing

Can you find examples of all of the following post them on your blog with a description of the effect (in your own words)

Mood and atmosphere (how is this created and for what purpose give examples in different genres fiction and non fiction use Romantic/sad/action/ non fiction film making emphasis on reality)
Audio fade (purpose)
Dialogue(examples of different types of dialogue think mood atmosphere settings and genre)
Voice over (different settings/genres/narration ie fiction film/news/documentary)
Ambient sound (film/tv)
Soundbridge examples again different genres think Yasmin
Foley sounds (what does the foley artist do?)
Synchronous/Asynchronous
Sound Motif (TV/Film)
ADR what is it?

Mood and Atmosphere
Sound is used very often in films and TV to alter the mood and atmosphere within a scene. The sound in the background or the music in a scene can be used to create an effect which brings sadness to the audience. This is used in The Lion King, when Simba finds his father dead.

However it is not just used to create a feeling of sadness. It can be used to do the opposite, and make the audience feel happy, just as the characters do. The use of sound can also add the themes of romance or tension to something. For example, the sound in this clip is used to heighten the tension:

Audio Fades

An audio fade is the (usually gradual) increase or decrease of the level of an audio track, so that it changes from being within the scene to the scene being silent, or from a silent scene to one filled with music.

Audio fades can be particularly useful to bring a piece of audio to its end, when the actual piece may not have an obvious ending. For example, an audio fade can be used at the end of a song if the raw audio seems to be randomly cut off.
Early audio fades were used in songs for simulating real-world events. In this example, George Olsen has used the sounds of a passing train fading into the audio sequence.

Having an audio fade is crucial in circumstances where you are going to play another audio track after the current one is done. For this reason, some artificial fades are added to the music which means that the audio can be balanced out. It means that whatever the next audio track may be, it can be played without the risk of sounding messy, or distorting the other audio track that is playing.
Audio fades are further important for the professionalism of an audio or visual piece. One example of this can be seen in this short video, made for/about an e-Sports organisation. The piece is called "Clockwork 4" and is very well done and professionally made, however this can be easily forgotten by the outro to the video, in which the audio abruptly stops along with the video track. This seemingly random cut off of audio can greatly alter the experience of viewing or listening to something, making it seem rushed and unnatural.

Dialogue

Dialogue in media terms can be defined as "a conversation or exchange between two or more characters as part of a book, play or film.

In film the way that dialogue is presented can greatly alter the original meaning of a scene. One brilliant example of this is in the sentence:

"I never said he stole your bag!"

Placing emphasis on different words within the sentence can give it an entirely new meaning. You can emphasize each word along the sequence, each will make the sentence have a slightly different connotation.

"I never said he stole your bag"

Emphasis on the "I" in this sentence can imply to the listener or viewer that the person speaking didn't say the statement, however someone else might have

"I never said he stole your bag!"
This implies that the character has at no point said or even considered saying such a statement.

"I never said he stole your bag!"
This gives the idea that the character hadn't explicitly stated that he stole the bag, but could have made implications and given small hints about the matter

"I never said he stole your bag!"
Emphasis on "he" can imply that the character might have said that another person had stolen the bag, but not the person who is currently under interrogation

"I never said he stole your bag!"
This sentence now tells the reader that the character might have said previously that the person in question has misplaced or borrowed the bag, but never stole it.

"I never said he stole your bag!"
Placing emphasis on another character in the sentence can tell the listener that the speaker had said previously that "he" had stolen someone else's bag, but not the bag belonging to the character.

"I never said he stole your bag!"
Finally, this emphasis can imply that the thief had stolen other property from the character, like phone, keys or jacket, but not the bag.

ADR (Automatic Dialogue Replacement)
Automatic dialogue replacement is when audio from a scene is re-recorded, and then placed over the existing audio.
ADR is usually carried out over clips where the audio from the microphones on set is different to how it was supposed to sound, or if the microphones simply forgot how to do their job, and hardly picked up the voice of the characters.
ADR can also be used if a take is shot which was almost perfect except for one line. Instead of re-shooting the entire scene again, they would just dub the voice of the character saying the sentence correctly over what is already there. ADR is tricky to perform, as the characters speech in the re-recorded audio must perfectly match what is going on throughout the clip, with the speech matching the mouth movement exactly, which can be very difficult and tedious.
Below is an example in The Great Gatsby where ADR has been used for the lines whilst driving. It is clear that the audio doesn't match the movement of the mouths, and makes for a confusing looking piece, with the audience possibly wondering who is actually talking.

Foley Sounds

Foley sounds are a reproduction of normal, everyday sounds which are added to a film in post production. Foley sounds are performed by people called Foley artists, who work in a studio, using different objects to create a more enhanced audio experience. The reproduced sounds can be things like footsteps of a character, doors shutting behind characters or the sound of breaking glass.

Foley sounds are generally used to enhance the sounds in a scene, if the sounds recorded during the scene don't suffice, or give the intended effect. For example, if in a scene, the closing of a door is important, a Foley may need to be added afterwards, so that more emphasis can be placed on the closure.

Synchronous and Asynchronous sound
Synchronous sound can be defined as "sound that is matched to the action that is happening on screen". It means that the sound we hear is linked to what we're seeing, like footsteps or speaking. It matches in timing, and generally matches in atmosphere too.

Asynchronous sound on the other hand is sound that is either out of sync with whats happening on screen, or does not match the tone or atmosphere. Another term for this is "contrapuntal sound". The mood changes based on the music, for example when a serial killer enters, and "Walking on Sunshine" is playing, it is Asynchronous. Asynchronous can also be used if the audio is playing in one scene, whilst a shot from another scene is visually displayed. For example, if a character has a long monologue, you could use asynchronous sound to cut to other shots, as to not bore the viewer whilst constantly on the same shot.

Ambient sound
Ambiance within films and TV can help immerse the audience, and believe that they are within the scene. For example, a scene in a factory may have the clanking of metal and whirring of machines in the background, used to create a more realistic atmosphere within the scene. This can also be used for example in a coffee shop, with people talking to each other, footsteps and the baristas serving customers.

Sound Motifs

A sound motif is a sound effect or combination of sound effects which signal the entry of a certain character in a film or TV show. Sound motifs can be used to prepare the audience for the coming events after the arrival of the character.

In this case, the whistling is used as a sound motif to signal to the viewer that the killer is about to make an attack on his victim, this being the one who happens to be in the scene with him.

Sound bridging

A sound bridge is when the sound or dialogue from one scene carries over into the next. One good example of this is in Silence if the Lambs, where the phrase "Your Self Storage Facility" carries itself over to the next scene.

Uses and Audiences - Media Formats

Feature Films
Feature films are watched by different ranges of people, depending on the target audience of each film.
Many animated films are directed towards children, this being because of the creative aspects behind the animators, being able to make anything speak and move. This would appeal to children, especially in films such as Toy Story, Inside Out and Zootopia. 

However, there are animated feature films which do appeal to an older generation, which is important for the film industry. The reason that this is important is because, as much as the primary audience is young children, the secondary audience of these animated films can be teenagers, or even adults. For this reason, there must be either:
- animated films primarily targeted to teenagers and adults
or
-references and jokes within the animations which will appeal to older viewers, while being subtle enough that the young people won't catch on.

It is incredibly beneficial in terms of profit for the producers to target entire films towards teenagers and adults,as they will be just as interested in both kinds.

Some examples of animations which appeal to older audiences are
-Sausage Party
-Spirited Away
-Watership Down

Advertising
Advertising can be tailored to the viewing of any target audience, it is mainly the platform of the advert which gives it a specific audience.
For example, an advert placed on social media such as Instagram or Snapchat would be more suited to younger people like teenagers, whereas an advert placed on TV would have a larger appeal to older audiences. These adverts are predominantly made to inform the viewer.

Here are some examples of animated adverts:

Music Videos

Music Videos are targeted mainly towards younger generations of people, with music in recent times becoming more modernised to fit the demographic.

Large amounts of music videos are live action, however recently, some have been made using animation. The main purpose of these videos are to entertain the viewer.

Some examples of these are:

Aha - Take On Me 

Childish Gambino - Feels Like Summer

Computer Games

Computer Games are generally aimed at an audience of teenagers, ranging from 13-19, as well as some young adults. A lot of popular video games in the modern day revolve around similar ideas, with each "new" game managing to blow up more than the previous one. For this reason, games with different or unique ideas often get overlooked. The main genre of game in the modern day is first-person-shooters, and Battle Royale games. These are games which attract a massive audience ranging from young adults to younger children. Video games are made as a form of entertainment, to intrigue and interest as many people as they can. A huge amount of games now focus on the co-op aspects of the game. For example, the newest Call of Duty game, Black Ops 4 completely ditched the single player campaign for a multiplayer battle royale game-mode. Newer games such as Rocket League, Counter Strike: Global Offensive and Player Unknowns Battle Grounds have little attention to single player, in order to encourage co-operative gameplay. This can boost sales, if a friend recommends the game to someone else.

Websites

The general audience of websites can range depending on the theme of the website. For example, an online animated flash game website would be targeted towards younger users, mainly done by the cartoony graphics of the game.

Some examples of these websites are:

https://www.miniclip.com/games/en/

https://www.coolmathgames.com/

Online shopping websites such as Amazon, eBay and online supermarket sites are targeted at an older generation of people. The reason sites like these are successful is because it alleviates the effort of going out to pick up whatever it is you may be in need of.

https://www.amazon.co.uk/

https://www.ebay.co.uk/

YouTube and Twitch are two social networking sites which are not targeted at a specific audience, as there is something on them for everyone.

Television

Similar to most other examples, TV as a whole doesn't have a specific target audience, however the shows which are broadcast do. In terms of animation, the main animations are directed at children. This is again because of the bright colours and infinite possibility behind them. Some of these cartoons, however are still watched by teenagers ad adults, yet they aren't the main target audience. Because of this, to keep them viewing, the producers will include small references and innuendos to keep these viewers entertained. Some examples of these are: Spongebob, Fairly Odd Parents and Phineas and Ferb.

Techniques and Formats

Techniques and Formats

Time Lapse

Time Lapse is the method of taking a series of photos of a slow action, and playing them back at a faster speed.

Benefits of Time Lapse
-Can make a scenic shot look much better with a smooth flowing sky and ground
-Time Lapses allow for hours of footage to be easily compressed into a minutes worth of video.
Drawbacks of Time Lapses
-Video could be confusing to watch
-Difficult to see what is actually happening in the video

Plasticine and Claymation
Plasticine and Claymation animation is the use of Plasticine or clay to create a character, and make said character move however you want.

Claymation is useful because you can create anything you like, such as a human character, an animal, or even an inanimate object.

This is beneficial because it can enhance the creative mind of the developers, and they can create whatever they want out of clay or plasticine.

However, each model has to be so incredibly detailed, and the models themselves are fragile, which can be difficult for the producers.

Claymation is targeted at younger audiences generally, due to the unlimited resource for creativity it has. This would appeal to younger audiences because the non naturalistic and more abstract style of animation means that the producers can specifically target their animation to any audience.

Some examples of Claymation are:

• Wallace and Gromit
• Early Man
• Flushed Away

The BBFC rating for these films are as follows

Wallace and Gromit - U

Early Man - PG

Flushed Away - U

Found objects
Found objects are natural or man made objects which are known as a form of art. These would not be too useful in animations because the amount of movement with the objects are extremely restricted.

However, this is counter-acted by the fact that the objects will be much more realistic than something made of clay or plasticine.

You can be creative with found objects, as an example, laying out a selection of coins to create a character, instead of just using one coin as a character.

The low quantity of movement within the animations appeals to a more simplistic style of animation, which would appeal to younger audiences because they may prefer that the animation itself is not complicated or confusing in any way.

Cut outs
A cut out can be used within a piece of animated footage on a 2D surface.

Cut outs can be useful because the actual cut out itself can be of a photo taken of a human or animal, rather than being like a cartoon.

However, similarly to the Found Objects, there are a minuscule amount of movement available when using a cut out, and so this would be heavily restricted. To allow fluid movement, for example, having a character walk, you would need a cut out image of at least 15 frames of one person taking a step.

Puppetry
Puppetry can be used to show interaction between two characters at the same time in live action pieces. Puppetry is usually targeted towards a younger audience because of the limited movement of the characters and their mannerisms.

Puppetry within animation is used because of the more human-like aspects of each character, they can more easily portray the idea of a human character.

Pixilation
Pixilation is the method of animation in which you use humans as the animated characters. This can be effective because it allows the animation to be incredibly realistic, as well as allowing a creative freedom to the producers of the animation. However, some movements are difficult to pull of with pixilation, such as a jump or a fall, without seeming incredibly awkward, or being shot without actually fully showing the motion.

Task 2 - Purpose

Purpose of Stop Motion

There are three main purposes for Stop Motion. These purposes are to Educate, Entertain and to Inform

Educate
Stop motion films used to educate usually convey a strong message about serious issues. These are generally made for younger audiences, to educate them on basic life lessons. This can be anything ranging from messages about respecting others, to learning about telling the truth. However, they can be made for other purposes, like the education of teenagers or even adults. For example, a lot of educational videos for subjects in school, college or even work are starting to become animated

Stop Motion is effective for education as it is enjoyable to watch, and so therefore can spread a message for the greater good more effectively.

An example of Stop Motion which has been made to educate a young audience is:

Entertain
Stop motion animation can also be used to entertain. This is the mainstream use for stop motion, and is used in music videos, TV, film and in other types of media production.
Entertainment in Stop Motion is done through, for example, comedies, horrors, thrillers, or action films.
Wallace and Gromit, for example, is a Comedy/Fantasy animation film which is animated using claymation. Coraline (2009) is an example of a horror film that was animated.
Entertainment is incredibly popular for stop motion creators because a lot of the time it can be fun to produce, and so this encourages them to want to continue production. The audience will watch these animations for the sole purpose of being entertained by what is done, and so it is important that the production team behind it are enjoying themselves too, because this will reflect onto the audience.

Here is an example of a stop motion animation from YouTube that is made to entertain the audience:

Next is an example of an Animated Film which was created in 1999 called the Iron Giant

This film is significant because it involves both traditional stop motion animation with CGI.

Information

Other stop frame animations can be used to inform an audience. Informational videos usually relate to political or ethical issues, informing the audience of the events currently taking place, or the events that will take place in the future. These informational videos are also made as a method of persuasion, if in a political sense, for example...


This video was made in 1932 by the Soviets, and is a political animation used to inform those in the USSR about what was going on. Whilst silent, it was still able to portray this message

Stop Motion Animation (Contemporary)

Stop Motion Animation (Contemporary)

Modern animation has come a long way since the beginning of film-making in the 19th century. The contemporary artists involved with animation and film-making are those who, in the modern day, have mastered the art of animation the fullest.

Brothers Quay
Stephen and Timothy Quay (Brothers Quay) are identical twin brothers from the USA. Their work in stop motion animation today is highly influential.
They created their first short films in England, these first short films created by the two brothers are damaged beyond repair. They then spent some time in the Netherlands in the 1970s, before returning to England, to team up with Keith Griffiths, who produced all of their films. In 1980, Koninck studios was formed by the trio. This studio is based in the south of London. The brothers Quay took inspiration from many animators and filmmakers, including Jan Svankmajer. They even named one of their films "The Cabinet of Jan Svankmajer", which is why he is stated to be such a major influence for the Brothers Quay.
Most of the Borthers Quay animations involve puppets comprised of doll parts, which are partially disassembled. The atmosphere of the films are dark and moody, fitting with the overall feel of their pieces.
Their best know work is "Street of Crocodiles", based on a short story by Bruno Schulz, with the same name. Street of Crocodiles was selected as one of the ten best animated films of all time by Terry Gilliam, and one of the ten best films of any medium by critic Jonathan Romney.
Their films generally lack in dialogue and speech (The Comb), whereas a few include multiple languages all spoken at once, of course, this is not intended to be understood.

Tim Burton

Tim Burton is an american animator and film producer, best known for his dark and gothic themes within his works. His best known works are pieces such as Corpse Bride, Alice in Wonderland and Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. Unlike Brothers Quay, Burtons inspiration came from childhood heroes of his, Dr Seuss and Roald Dahl. He studied character animation at the California Institute of the Arts, where he made Stalk of the Celery Monster, as well as King and Octopus.

Tim Burton was inspired and influenced by George Melies, a French Illusionist and film director in the early days of film making.

Tim Burton's animations are aimed at teenagers, due to the dark and gothic themes contained within the pieces. These ideologies and themes are inappropriate for young children, yet do not attract the attention of adults.

In 1984, Tim Burton adapted "Frankenstein" in his own way, called "Frankenweenie". Frankenweenie was incredibly successful, due to this, he was given the opportunity to direct "Pee-Wee's Big Adventure".

Nick Park

Nick Park is an English animator who is best known for his works in Wallace and Gromit as well as Shaun the Sheep. He has been nominated for six academy awards, and has won of four occasions.
First, in 1989 for "Creature Comforts". After this, in 1993 for "The Wrong Trousers", in 1995 for "A Close Shave", and finally, in 2005 for Wallace and Gromit.
Creature Comforts

The Wrong Trousers

A Close Shave

Wallace and Gromit

Stop Motion Developers

Developers of Stop Motion

Willis O’Brien

Willis O’Brien was a motion picture specialist from America. His work revolved around stop motion, and he was a pioneer as well as a developer for the modern day works of film and animation. O’Brien is important, and is said to have responsibility for “some of the best-known images in cinema history”.

O’Brien is most notably known for his work on “The Lost World”, “King Kong” and “Mighty Joe Young”, across the 20^th century. In 1950, O’Brien won an Academy Award for Best Visual effects, for the film Mighty Joe Young. O’Brien made a name for himself, and was recognised by Thomas Edison, who was impressed by the films he was producing. Edison was, more specifically, impressed by O'Brien's “The Dinosaur and the Missing Link: A Prehistoric Tragedy” in 1915. He was then hired by the Thomas Edison company to animate a series of short films, containing a prehistoric theme.

Jan Svankmajer

Jan Svankmajer is a Czech artist and filmmaker who works in many different forms of the media industry. his most notable works have influenced the work of others like Terry Gilliam and the Brothers Quay.

Svankmajer would re imagine popular fairy tales in a dark manner, and also for his experimental ideas in terms of the use of his 3D animation in synchronisation with pixilation (human animation).

During the 1950s, Svankmajer pursued a great interest in both theatre and puppetry. He worked at theatres, and it was there that he gained an appreciation for the creation of film, which would be considered by some a bad thing, but by many a good thing. After this, he began his career in cinematography. His first short film, The Last Trick  (1964) gave evidence to his interest in stop motion animation. Svankmajer experimented with a wide range of tecnhiques, such as puppetry, stop motion, clay-mation and pixilation.

Ray Harryhausen

Ray Harryhausen, after seeing King Kong after its release in 1933, was inspired to work with animated short films. He also was inspired by Willis O'Brien's models which were created for King Kong. A friend of Harryhausen was able to arrange a meeting between Harryhausen and O'Brien, at which, O'Brien told Harryhausen to take classes in graphic arts, as well as sculpture, to improve his work. During this time, Harryhausen became friends with Ray Bradbury, a writer, who shared similar ideologies. The two joined the Los Angeles Science Fiction League, which was formed in 1939 by Forrest J. Ackerman.

Harryhausen's first film in which he was in charge indefinitely of the technical aspects was called "The Beast from 20,000 Fathoms." and was released in 1953. It was discovered by the film makers that Bradbury, Harryhausen's long term friend, had sold a short story with the same name, with a similar scene. Bradbury's story was bought by the company, meaning that Harryhausen had attempted at a solo feature film. It was a major international hit for Warner Brothers, and was incredibly successful.

Harryhausen expanded on stop motion techniques by creating "Dynamation". Dynamation was when the background and foreground was split into two separate images, which the models were then involved with, which seemingly made the models interact with the live action of the scene. This was advanced, and was incredibly important for the future of animation and film making. If Harryhausen hadn't experimented with this technique, it may have made modern day CGI more complicated, and could also have had a reduction in the creative minds of animators and film makers today.